Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay - 983 Words

Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights 1. What techniques are used in the characterization of Heathcliff? Effects? Heathcliff is associated with evil and darkness from the beginning of the novel. I felt his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows. (1) When Lockwood sees Heathcliffs garden (perhaps a symbol for Heathcliff) the earth was hard with a black frostÂ…the air made me shiver through every limb. (6) When we see Heathcliff when he is first brought into the Earnshaw household, he is immediately†¦show more content†¦2. Show an understanding of why point of view is a crucial technique to understand in this work. Include an awareness of the ideas in the Carol Jacobs essay Wuthering Heights: At the Threshold of Interpretation. Point of view is an important aspect of every novel. It can be argued that point of view in Wuthering Heights affects the entire story. The novel is told primarily through two narrators. Lockwood, the first narrator, tells events through a distorted perspective. He tries to rationalize anything that happens to him. Lockwood is very optimistic and tries to find a positive interpretation for everything. As Carol Jacob quotes, Dree, and dreary! I reflectedÂ…and not exactly of the kind which I should have chosen to amuse me. But never mind! Ill extract wholesome medicines from Mrs. Deans bitter herbs. To make matters worse, he is vain, he often makes mistakes, it is very hard to trust his narrations and interpretations. The reader may not know the truth about many places in the novel, specifically in the ghost scene Nelly Dean is the other narrator in Wuthering Heights. Her narration also must be judged, not only does she have her own weaknesses as a narrator, but it is also reported in Lockwoods journal. Thus, not only do we have Nellys biases, but we also have Lockwoods interpretation in Nellys narration, (Chinese box). She is a very biased person and this affects the readersShow MoreRelated Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1668 Words   |  7 Pages Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Emily Jane Bronte, the author of Wuthering heights, was born on July 30, 1818. She was the fifth of six children of Patrick and Maria Bronte and the family moved to their house in Haworth(where Emily would remain for most of her life), with her family having a great influence on her life and work. During her life she encountered a great deal of death, firstly when her mother died of stomach cancer in September of 1821, leaving EmilysRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights783 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Bronte was born in 1818 and published Wuthering Heights in 1847. Wuthering Heights, reflects her experience with both the Romantic Era, which existed from 1785 to 1830, and the Victorian Era, which took place from 1830 to 1848. Romantics placed high importance on the individual, nature and human emotion. The Victorian Era, in turn, was a reaction to the Romantic period. The Victorians had a sense of social responsibility, which set them apart from the Romantics. Wuthering Heights exemplifiesRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights1590 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Bronte created a book called Wuthering Heights that was published in 1847. The book has been rejected multiple times by the Victorian readers because of its disturbing, unexplained vision of anarchy and decay (Knoepflmacher). I chose the book Wuthering Heights because it has an interesting name. I never thought the boo k was narrated by two people and that it had a dramatic romance to it. Also I have notice that there is a large amount of hate towards the character Heathcliff due to his actionsRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain several of Emily Bronte’s writing techniquesRead MoreEssay on Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1127 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights       Often in literature, the fictional written word mimics or mirrors the non-fictional actions of the time. These reflections may be social, historical, biographical, or a combination of these. Through setting, characters, and story line, an author can recreate in linear form on paper some of the abstract concepts and ideas from the world s/he is living in. In the case of Emily Bronte, her novel Wuthering Heights very closely mirrors her own life and the livesRead More Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontà « effectively utilizes weather and setting as methods of conveying insight to the reader of the personal feeling of the characters. While staying at Thrushcross Grange, Mr. Lockwood made a visit to meet Mr. Heathcliff for a second time, and the horrible snow storm that he encounters is the first piece of evidence that he should have perceived about Heathcliffs personality. The setting of the moors is one that makes them a very special place forRead More Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Wuthering Heights, we see tragedies follow one by one, most of which are focused around Heathcliff, the antihero of the novel. After the troubled childhood Heathcliff goes through, he becomes embittered towards the world and loses interest in everything but Catherine Earnshaw –his childhood sweetheart whom he had instantly fallen in love with.—and revenge upon anyone who had tried to keep them apart. The novel begins with a few short introductionRead More Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Essay458 Words   |  2 PagesIn Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights revenge is a common, reoccurring theme. According to Webster’s Dictionary, revenge is to inflict punishment in return for injury or insult. Within the novel, Wuthering Heights, revenge is an action taken by many people in order to redeem themselves. However, all of the characters end up in misery because of their hearts’ desire to avenge. In many novels, revenge is an action typically taken by the main villain upon the main hero. Revenge occurs often in bothRead More Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay2291 Words   |  10 PagesEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights The female writer Emily Bronte wrote the novel Wuthering Heights in 1847. Brontes father had influenced Emily with his well-known poetry and imagination. Brontes childhood could have also played a part in writing her novel as she used to live in the moors herself before her mother died. The North Yorkshire moors where Wuthering Heights is set is a bleak, desolate and solitary place. The area was very inaccessible and it would have taken days toRead MoreFeminist Ideas in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights2400 Words   |  10 Pageslife as well as attract readers to identify themselves to the characters presented.’ (Online 1) One of the most prominent female writers in 19th century was Emily Brontà « with her novel Wuthering Heights. This essay will concentrate on the representation of feminism by the use of women characters in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, namely Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Linton (Cathy), Nelly Dean and Isabella Linton. Each of these characters illustrates the power possessed by women, the hopes

Fahrenheit 451 The Future is Now Essay - 2640 Words

Truffaut’s treatment of the Nazi regime in comparison to the firemen in his film shows the type of government he desired to depict, one that â€Å"succinctly and successfully institutionalized mass schizophrenia,† a government founded on the â€Å"murderous ideologies† of â€Å"Communism and Nazism† (Gonzalez 1), a totalitarian society mirroring the world in Bradbury’s novel among other dystopian novels of the time. His society fits the idea of totalitarianism in the fact that it is a â€Å"form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual’s life to the authority of the government† (Britannica). This can be seen in Fahrenheit 451 in the way people are controlled by the television†¦show more content†¦When on the train with Clarisse and she asks if she may speak with him, Montag grants her permission to speak, but cannot â€Å"promise to think of any thing to answer.† He has been thoroughly conditioned by society to carry on without question, a mindless automaton piloted by the self-interested ideas of a totalitarian government. Over the course of the film, symbols and instances of censorship have made themselves more than clear. Many of the books shown burning—such as â€Å"Madame Bovary and Lolita†Ã¢â‚¬â€were, in their own histories, victims of censorship. The entire idea of book burning, in fact, is a form of censorship utilized by cultures throughout the course of history, notably the book burnings that took place in communist Russia, China, and Nazi Germany (Bradbury)—the numerous documented book burnings at the hands of the Nazis were the â€Å"most emotive and probably the readiest point of censorship debates in this period† (Harrison 55). Because in the world of Fahrenheit 451 â€Å"every written word is considered inherently censorable, and inherently subversive . . . every book represents a challenge to authority† (Harrison 56). The book people are created in order to overcome this censorship and stand as â€Å"political radicals† (Harrison 57) and that, by removing themselves from an oppressive society also remove themselves from the â€Å"dynamics of censorship† and from the â€Å"political ground on which anti-censorshipShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast: Fahrenheit 451 and Uglies1111 Words   |  4 PagesIn the books, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Uglies by Scott Westerfeld they have many similarities and differences. In Uglies, Tally is anxiously waiting to turn 16 so she can receive the operation to become â€Å"Pretty†, this operation turns you supermodel gorgeous and launches you into a high class paradise where all you have to do is have fun. Shay, Tally’s friend is not sure she wants to become pretty, Shay runs away to a secret town on the outside and Tally has the choice to find Shay and turnRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Power of Books1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe power of books. Fahrenheit 451 (1953), written by Ray Bradbury depicts a dystopian society which, due to the absence of books, discourages intellect and punishes free-will. As receptacles of knowledge, books give human beings a unique power, as they encourage and nurture intellect and understanding. The intellectual metamorphosis that Montag undergoes renders him aware of this fact, making him an incredibly dangerous figure in the society of Fahrenheit 451. Despite Montag’s understandingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Technology Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesconversation dies, dragging intelligent thoughts into the ground with it. From â€Å"Seashell Radio† sets and Spotify on Bluetooth to the story-telling power that television strips away from literature, Bradbury looks more than 64 years into the future in Fahrenheit 451 to predict the fatal outcome of the technology-infested intelligence, or the lack thereof. The invention of TV, Radio, headphones, iPods, and much more, along with a rapidly increasing gain of access to technology has created a civilizationRead MoreIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury782 Words   |  3 Pagesreevaluate their decisions, make a person feel, and books relate to real life. In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury the society remains dysfunctional and on the brink of collapsing; suicide rates remain at an all time high, murders happen every day, information stays censored, the education system remains flawed. Now, all of these things can also describe another society, America. The fictional society in Fahrenheit 451 and America have many things in common, only proving further, that America remainsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead MoreCold War in the Eyes of Ray Bradbury1689 Words   |  7 Pagesknow for its â€Å"collection† of short stories that, by name, implies a broad historical rather than a primarily individual account and Fahrenheit 451 (1953), which centers on Guy Montag. The thematic similarities of Mars coupled with the state of the American mindset during the Cold War era entwine the two novels on the surface. Moreover, Bradbury was â€Å"preventing futures† as he stated in an interview with David Mogen in 1980. A dystopian society was a main theme in bo th books, but done in a compellingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By William Bradbury Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe book Fahrenheit 451 is set in a dystopian, authoritarian world. The main character, Guy Montag, joins a movement for books when he begins to go against his society’s and government’s regulations. It is a book about censorship, individualism, and mass media. Censorship takes away the intentions left by the creator. It becomes bland, and unoriginal. Words set the mood of the story and character’s behavior within a work. It is important for explicit material to remain raw and natural. It is meantRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature slowly disappear from the minds of the population? This is the question that Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs andRead MoreEssay about Future Concerns - Gattaca and Fahrenheit 4511562 Words   |  7 Pagestexts expressing views of the future educate audiences about current issues and the dystopias that develop from them. Texts such as the film ‘Gattaca’, directed by Andrew Niccol and novel ‘Fahrenheit 451’ by Ray Bradbury explore futuristic societies and the implications that become of their innovation. Although entertaining, texts such as these are didactic and must be taken seriously, as they communicate messages to audiences regarding prevalent concerns and possible futures based on society’s choicesRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And V For Vendetta, By Ray Bradbury1457 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and the film V for Vendetta by James McTeigue, there are a different range of features of their text type which explore the common theme of individuality against oppression. A fascist government occupies London after a world war in V for Vendetta. Where V uses terrorist tactics to fight the dictators, after saving Evey from the secret police, he now discovers an ally in the battle against England ’s corrupt government. Fahrenheit 451, set in the futuristic

Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development in the Paper Industry free essay sample

Abstract We decided to work with a really interesting topic; corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. We found this issue relevant for present companies and it is a pressing matter from the side of the government, media and social activists. We wanted to find the difference and the importance of CSR and SD in aspect of the paper industry. Since e-readers and other tablet based electronic devices have appeared on the market logically paper would have been pushed back, but we found controversial results after the first look. But then we realized that even though the industry shrinks due to recycled paper the consumption grows, which is a really interesting result. We went through extensive number of books, titles including: ‘Sustainable Development; Linking economy, society, and environment’ by Tracey Strange amp; Anne Bayley and ‘When Principles Pay – Corporate social responsibility and the bottom line’ by Geoffrey Heals. Also we researched and analysed secondary data found on the internet including articles, web-pages, and company press releases. We came to a conclusion that while corporate social responsibility promotes the right moves in the industry and shows the right face through the media, sustainable development is more important as it can be seen in actions, it is planning forward while increasing responsibility in the whole value chain. The paper industry has to promote that it is green and it is competitive with the electronic devices, but it has to be more and more sustainable to survive. - Methodology Our research project based on corporate social responsibility, and sustainable development. These topics can be found in numerous media. We used books and internet as most of our data collections. Since we did not research something new we found primary data collection irrelevant. The project is based on social constructivism, project oriented and only secondary data have been used, which to a certain extent limits the generalizability of the findings. All of the sources marked in the section bibliography and all of them have been marked reliable. Our research portfolio includes in wide extend all the material used for the synopsis. Methodology plan and guidelines The assembly of data from a variety of sources may be part of the process of research, without interpretation it is not research. * Data are collected systematically * Data are interpreted systematically * There is a clear purpose: to find things out * ‘Systematic’ suggests that research is based on logical relationship and not just beliefs. * Management research like other social sciences is description, explanation and prediction - Problem proposal Our group decided to research a really ‘hot’ topic nowadays. All the green movements affect our everyday life and we get pushed not just by the government but individuals are making conscious purchase and dispose decisions. Studies show that people do want to contribute in saving our planet; most of them have little options to make a difference. It is why we wanted to know if corporations as the most important players in our society do make good decisions for our planet or they just want to reach their shareholders expectations and earn as much profit as possible (even if this means to expose our natural resources) Therefore our main questions through our research and synopsis: * What do Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable Development mean? (definition and explanation) * Where are the similarities and differences between CSR and Sustainable Development? Then we decided to look closer into one specific industry which has interesting and contradicting figures, the paper industry. CSR and Sustainable development in the paper industry * Paper industry in general and facts * What affect does the electronic revolutions has on paper industry * Competition on the paper industry In business today, the phrase â€Å"sustainable development† and CSR are often being used. By answering the above questions, we hope to further investigate what these concepts are and how they affect companies today. Also we would like to find out what kind of changes would turn the paper industry into being sustainable - Definition of CSR The core and essence of each and every corporation is to make profit. As without profit none of them operates functionally and cannot reach the stakeholders expectations. And all of those individuals who invested into a business would like to have something in return, therefore maximizing the profit even by exploiting the surrounding resources or manpower is the ultimate goal for the managers. Since the middle 20th century when mass-production, planned obsolescence and modern consumerist society have been framed powers on the other end have been formulating. People realized that corporations utilize resources, produce huge amount of waste and make people work in unacceptable conditions. Civil societies are one of the non-market forces that push corporations into minimize their environmental impact and to support the minorities. The other two forces are the legal system and the regulatory framework. Surprisingly enough, civil societies are the most powerful force in turning companies socially responsible as individuals indeed the ones without whom support the company would not earn money. When people raise their voice and vote with their money a company due to avoid a bad PR situation has to make changes. In a legitimate business situation the business benefits from its environment and the environment benefits from the business. Therefore the company has to show support towards the environment and the society in order to continue grow. In conclusion, corporate social responsibility is a self-regulatory mechanism built in the company’s business model. It is the corporation’s compliance to work in respect of law, international norms and ethical standards. Idealistically companies should not stop here they should go beyond regulations and work on the way to environmental and social harmony as the biggest harm happens on their level of production. Defining Sustainable Development Sustainable development is â€Å"developing in a way that benefits the widest possible range of sectors, across borders and even generations†(Strange amp; Bayley, 2008, p. 24). There are three elements that need to be taken into consideration to ensure that changes are sustainable and long t erm beneficial. They are: * Society * Economy * Environment How can these three be related to sustainable development? The link between them can be seen through the changes and developments in each area. For example â€Å"social well-being and economic well-being feed off each other and the whole game depends on a healthy biosphere in which to exist†(Strange amp; Bayley, 2008, p. 27). When looking at the above statement, it shows that the three elements, or pillars are quite interlinked. When looking at changes to further help the environment, the economy will be affected due to the fact that most changes would need to be funded. This could influence the society through the need of adapting and funding these changes. In other words, there will be trade-offs for any development in the three pillars. Overall, sustainable development needs to meet the â€Å"needs of the future without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†, which was noted by Norwegian Prime Minister, Gro H. Brundtland in 1980 (Porter amp; Kramer, 2006, s. 81). Another point of view on sustainable development is taken by Brice Lalonde, â€Å"To me, it refers to how the economy should enable us to live better lives while improving our environment and our societies, from now on and within a globalised world†(Lalonde, 2007). This was Mr Lalonde’s response to the question â€Å"So, how does the new chair (of the OECD) define sustainable development? (Lalonde, 2007). From his point of view, we can see that he has married the idea of the economy together with future developments in the environment. At the same time, one can assume that these developments cannot be undertaken while the economy is suffering. Another aspect that he has introduced to the subject is glob alisation. When looking at globalisation in the contents of sustainable development, there are a few challenges. One of which that has been pointed out is that â€Å"we are nearing the point where connection is not the exception but the rule†(Strange amp; Bayley, 2008, p. 0). While the world is getting smaller thanks to technology and advancements in the transport sector, the expectations on social globalisation are starting to be felt in the developing countries. - Difference between CSR and Sustainable Development CSR and Sustainability are interrelated and many use it interchangeably as well. However, I find it useful to distinguish between CSR and Sustainability in a business context. For businesses, it is useful to think about CSR in the context of the vision/mission of the business. What are the responsibilities of the business, why does it exist, and how it will go about meeting those responsibilities and goals. What has been noted is that CSR has been used not only by companies for marketing benefits, but it has also been used by activists to place pressure on corporations either on where they buy their raw material or what effects they have on the surrounding community (Porter amp; Kramer, 2006). While this can result in a company to move towards sustainable development, it is not likely to be integrated into the company as a long-term plan to begin with. While it can be said that sustainable development and CSR both share three elements, they are used with different intent (Soyka, 2012). One of the main differences is that CSR can be viewed as an obligation of a company, where sustainable development is not (Soyka, 2012). However, studies on CSR and consumer behaviour have shown inconclusive results. In saying that, when activist or a group of people place a company in the spotlight on a certain subject or practice, said company can be affected in the long term by having a bad reputation and the best way of correcting this is through CSR (Porter amp; Kramer, 2006). It is useful to think about Sustainability is the context how the business will operate, especially with a focus on the natural resources it consumes both directly (e. g. , coal) and indirectly (e. g. , electricity). How will the business be operated in way that allows it to make a profit today while not compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. This has been summarised by Soyka who defined sustainable development through providing â€Å"theoretical and practical sentimental improvement framework that can be fully justified and maintained during both good and challenging economical times† (Soyka, 2012). Most of the time, CSR and sustainable development are both put in a positive light; there are negative sides as well. Some companies might use the media and CSR to put themselves in a better position in the market. They might show they are responsible socially, while this is not in fact accurate. The same can be said for sustainable development when the phrase has been used to the extent that it becomes meaningless (Porter amp; Kramer, 2006, p. 83). - Paper industry in general and facts Market definition Here we would like to measure a country or region’s total use of paper and paperboard. This also includes for example news printing, paper for packaging, household and sanitary paper and other kinds of papers. When we are able to calculate all that, we get an idea on the volume of consumption of paper or paperboard in metric tons. Market Information Market value * The Western European paper amp; paperboard market grew by 1. 1% in 2011 to reach a value of $69,053. 8 million. Market value forecast In 2016, the Western European paper amp; paperboard market is forecast to have a value of $74,587. 3 million, an increase of 8% since 2011. Market volume The Western European paper amp; paperboard market shrank by 0. 5% in 2011 to reach a volume of 77. 2 million metric tonnes. Market volume forecast In 2016, the Western European paper amp; paperboard market is forecast to have a volume of 83. 7 million metric tonnes, an increase of 8. 4% since 2011. Geography segmentation The United Kingdom accounts for 18. 5% of the Western European paper amp; paperboard market value. Market rivalry High exit costs and similarity between market players contribute to the high level of rivalry that characterizes this market - Paper recycling in Europe â€Å"New figures suggest that Europes paper recycling rate has increased by nearly 10 % every five years since 2000, peaking at 70. 4 % in 2011. The figures, released by the paper recycling industry, show that the recycling rate was up from 68. 7% in 2010, which was well above the voluntary 66 % target for that year. The sector has now pledged to recycle at least 70 % of the paper and board products consumed right across Europe by 2015. † - The trade of recycled paper Paper for recycling is a global commodity which is traded internationally according to supply and demand. The net trade of paper for recycling was 8. 4 million tonnes in 2010, mainly due to exports by Asian buyers, particularly China. In 2010, China imported 24. 4 million tonnes of paper for recycling, mainly from Europe and North America. The paper recycling chain in the EU can face problems because of exports of unprocessed waste paper by organisations which are not part of the recycling sector and by non-European trading companies installed in the EU. Further increase of exports needs to be readdressed to ensure a safe, environmentally-friendly and reliable access to raw material for the existing and new recycling capacity in Europe and to maintain the competitiveness of the European paper recycling chain. The Commission Communication on Raw Materials highlights the importance of the enforcement of the Waste Shipment Regulation and further actions to ensure environmentally-sound management in recycling facilities. All parties support this statement and commit to continue increasing the collection of paper for recycling and to maintain the collected volumes at high levels in Europe for further recycling. The increase in the collection of paper must be higher than the increase in the net trade of paper for recycling. In the past, recycled papers often cost considerably more than virgin papers. Today, many grades such as text and cover (often used for letterhead, brochures and publications) and some coated papers are cost-competitive with virgin papers or even cost less. Copier and offset papers still tend to cost somewhat more, but the price differentials are smaller than ever, usually only a few percent. When there are cost differences, they are primarily caused by many recycled papers being made on smaller paper machines than virgin papers (creating a difference in economies of scale), by virgin paper mills dropping their prices because of vagaries in the market, and by imbalances caused by a newly capitalized and still-developing recycling system vs. a well-established and industrially integrated tree-pulping production system. Additionally, recycled paper incorporates all its costs into the product, including providing an alternative to disposal, and is not rewarded for its significantly lower energy and water use. Virgin paper costs, on the other hand, are masked by generous government timber, energy and water subsidies and do not incorporate responsibility or costs for the products eventual disposal. - The Evolution of Paper industry Here we want to find out if the digital evolution had an impact on the sales volume of paper. Consumption of paper and paperboard products has experienced significant decline in Europe in 2007. The market is expected to maintain low but positive growth from 2012 through to the end of the forecast period in 2016. This is attributable primarily to the aftermath of the financial crisis in the European Union at the end of the decade. The poor economy motivated many companies to perform a close analysis of their paper use and inspired the adoption of innovative and more efficient systems. These new systems will remain in place into the economic recovery and likely have a lasting impact on printing and writing paper consumption. In addition, the shift in the patterns of consumption of news and other media from print to digital formats is also apparently having an irreversible effect in some paper sectors such as newsprint. Total global consumption of paper is still rising, reaching 371 million tonnes in 2009. But the European consumption in Million metric tonnes faced a decrease since 2007. Year| Million metric tonnes| Growth (%)| 2007| 83,5| | 2008| 81,8| -2%| 2009| 74,4| -9%| 2010| 77,6| 4,20%| 2011| 77,2| -0,50%| The paper industry has become increasingly ‘green’ over the past few years, with many new initiatives in order to increase the amount of recycled paper (up to 70% in Europe) and reduce the usage of non-recyclable materials in the production of paper. And the materials are as much as possible disposed of in a way that it does not end up in landfill. In Europe the amount of water that is returned to its original source is at 94%, and where relevant, plants donate boiler ashes to local farmers to use as fertilizer. According to the Danish Environment Protection Agency, Denmark has seen high growth in the collection of waste paper and cardboard from 1996 to 2009. While the report does not speculate further on the source of the paper, it does suggest that ‘green packaging’ and increased online sales (delivered by package delivery) causes people to accumulate more paper-based packaging than before. The difference between online shopping and ‘regular’ shopping is outlined below: Company A sells computers through their brick-and-mortar store, they are delivered in individual cardboard boxes on wooden pallets at their door, which are then put on shelves for customers to bring home. Company B sells computers through their online store, they are delivered in individual cardboard boxes on wooden pallets at their warehouse. Here they are held until a customer orders them. When prepared for shipment, the computers are put into another cardboard box, with paper-based stuffing to further protect the product inside from damage during shipping and/or fill out the empty space in the standard-sized cardboard boxes used for shipping. Company B is using paper-based solutions because this is greener than using plastic bags or bubble wrap - Sustainability and CSR in the paper industry As the technological revolution is gaining more and more space, and serves as a form of disruptive innovation for many industries, certain aspects of these affected industries have to be modified, and thought of differently. That’s exactly what’s going on in the paper industry. Even though the production of graphic paper is currently a somewhat stagnant market, a lot of other parts of the industry are suffering the pioneer aspects of our modern age’s technological presence. One of the rapidly declining victim is the newsprint and writing industry, which saw a whopping 23% decline since 2007 and is forecasting yet another year on the same exact track, due to people increasingly seeking out the internet or television as their primary source of being kept updated. Another substitute for the use of paper came with the emergence of hand driers in most facilities that consider themselves modernized. As for contributions the growing use of paper, one of the main answers lies in packaging. Nowadays most packaged food and e-commerce related purchases are delivered in paper based packaging which contributes big time to the immense shift. The use of paper and board has seen an increase of 23 million tonnes since 2007, which is an overall 18% growth annually. All this could be attributed to the fact that there are few alternatives for such purposes. Right behind there’s the tissue industry forecasting a 4,5% growth for a total of 6 million tonnes, and a 22% increase in the last 6 years. Another large contributor to the excessive use of paper are junk mail. In the U. S. nly, is around a 100 million pieces a year, which contributes to 20% of all mail in the world. 44% of all junk mail delivered in the United States arrives at the landfills unopened. - - Conclusion: What are the effects and outlook for the future? The impact that’s made on the environment by the production of paper is astonishing. The paper industry is the third most energy intensive and fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, while 16% of the world’s solid waste is made up of paper. This is clearly not sustainable. So what can be done? As a major game changer, recycling has emerged in the 21st century as possible answer and a sustainable solution particularly in North America and Europe. 65% of these region’s paper is recovered, and recycled. However, this affects the output of products on the consumer market, and paper manufacturers use desperate action by trying to make their products difficult-to-process to recycling as much as they can. Nevertheless the growing importance of mineral fillers instead of wood pulp, and progressive sophistication in recycling technology paired with avouritism for ecological and economic reasons to use recycled paper, all point in the same direction of keeping this cost saving solution a strong driving point in upcoming years. - Bibliography Porter, M. E. , amp; Kramer, M. R. (2006, December). Strategy amp; Society The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility . harvard business review . Soyka, P. A. (2012). Creating A Sustainable Organization. USA: Pearson Education, Inc. CEPI. (2010). European Pulp and Paper Industry . Preliminary Statistics 2010 . Farlex, Inc. (n. d. ). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2013 13-May from http://www. thefreedictionary. com Lalonde, B. (2007, May). Sustainable facts. Chair of the Round Table on Sustainable Development. (AB, Interviewer) OECD Observer No. 261. Paglia, T. (2012). ForestEthics. Retrieved 2013 19-May from http://forestethics. org/ Strange, T. , amp; Bayley, A. (2008). Sustainable Develpment, linking economy, society, environment. OECD: OECDpublishing. Luther, J. (2000). White Paper on Electronic Journal Usage Statistics . Washington : Council on Library and Information Resources . Peloza, J. , Loock, M. , Cerruti, J. , amp; Muyot, M. (2012). Sustainability: HOW STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS DIFFER FROM CORPORATE REALITY (Vol. 55). Berkeley: University Of California. Laszlo, C. , amp; Cooperrider, D. L. (2010). CREATING SUSTAINABLE VALUE: A STRENGTH-BASED WHOLE SYSTEM APPROACH . Emerald Group Publishing Limited . Heal, Geoffery (2010). When Principles Pay – Corporate social responsibility and the bottom line. http://www. csrquest. net/ http://www. un-documents. net/wced-ocf. htm www. saltlondon. com/blog/2012/10/differences csrperspective. om/uncategorized/sustainability-is-overrated-part-2 http://www. epa. gov/osw/conserve/materials/paper/basics/papermaking. htm http://www. thedailygreen. com/environmental-news/latest/7447 http://www2. mst. dk/udgiv/publikationer/2011/10/978-87-92779-44-1/978-87-92779-44-1. pdf http://customcontentonline. com/sections/130114_Paper. pdf http://ies. lbl. gov/iespubs/41843. pdf http://www. cepi-sustainability. eu/product-safety risiinfo. com foresthetics. org prweb. com [ 1 ]. Source: OREP; European Commission

John Mayer - free essay sample

Live albums normally do not appeal to the public because the quality of the artists voice is often weak and unfamiliar. The voice that everyone is used to disappears and places doubts as to the singers talent. â€Å"Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles† is an exception. This album contains the soulful voice listeners know. Mayers singing is flawless and the only thing that identifies it as a live recording are the thousands of screaming fans in the background. It is truly one of the best live albums recently released. â€Å"Where the Light Is† consists of a mix of popular hits from Mayers albums â€Å"Room for Squares,† â€Å"Heavier Things,† and â€Å"Continuum,† as well as new versions of classic hits such as Tom Pettys â€Å"Free-fallin.† The songs show a variety of moods. Mayer is known for his mellow songwriting, but after every technical, fast-paced song, he follows with a calm and relaxing ballad. We will write a custom essay sample on John Mayer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two-disc album starts off with the 2001 hit â€Å"Neon.† A brief introduction gives the track a unique flavor and a personal connection with the listener. Since this is a live recording, there are unique solos and times when Mayer speaks to the audience; these make this CD special and different from a studio album. Mayer possesses huge talent in his ability to write down-to-earth lyrics, create intense melodies on guitar, and sing with a voice that has enough soul to last a lifetime. His 10-minute rendition of â€Å"Out of My Mind† clearly shows his talents. Listeners can feel the emotion and power in the performance. There are so many feelings produced by Mayers music that it cannot be pigeonholed into one genre. Usually artists get their inspiration for an album from an event in their life. Since this is a combination of albums, Mayer sings about different themes and creates a timeline of how he has grown from his first album to his third.